Rotary Kiln Refractory Castable Lining for Oxidation and Roasting of Chromium and Nickel-iron Ore

Chromium, nickel-iron ore oxidation roasting material for rotary kiln. A rotary kiln is a special kiln working under dynamic conditions. It is mainly used for calcination and roasting of cement clinker, petroleum coke, magnesia dolomite, limestone, iron oxide magnetization, nickel-iron laterite ore, and non-ferrous metal sulfide ore. Due to the particularity of the working conditions, there are higher requirements for the refractory lining to a certain extent, and the traditional refractory bricks are severely challenged in this type of kiln. According to the working characteristics of rotary kiln, Rongsheng Refractory Co., Ltd. ( http://www.aluminabricks.com/ ) has developed special refractory castables for the rotary kiln series.

Rotary Kiln Anti-Skinning Castable

Refractory Castable for Rotary Kiln

In addition to the common feature that refractory castables for rotary kilns can be used directly without firing, the production process is relatively simple among many types of unshaped refractory materials, and no special equipment is required. Low cement castable for nickel-iron rotary kiln. Many manufacturers' new dry-process cement rotary kiln production lines have improved their ignition and feeding production conditions, and their operating rates have increased year by year. However, there are still some problems with the use of refractory castables. Through comparative analysis, Rongsheng refractory manufacturers have made a summary of the use of refractory castables in the lining of rotary kilns.

1. Rotary kiln refractory castable configuration scheme

High-temperature alkali-resistant castables for preheaters, high-aluminum high-strength low-cement refractory castables for kiln tail smoke chambers and calciners. Corundum high-strength low-cement refractory castables for grate coolers and kiln mouths. Steel fiber high-aluminum refractory castables are used for the kiln hood, and high-aluminum low-cement refractory castables are used for the tertiary air duct. Special castable for corundum coal injection pipe for coal injection pipe.

2. Shedding phenomenon of refractory castable

In many cases, due to the unreasonable design of the configuration scheme, there have been many accidents of pouring material falling off the rotary kiln just over a year after it was put into operation, and the kiln shutdown failure rate is very high. The main reason is that the junction between the calciner and the tertiary air duct has been burned through many times, the shrinkage of the calciner has been worn out, and the tertiary air duct has fallen off. The head of the coal injection pipe burst and fell off three times, the low wall of the grate cooler was worn out, the kiln head cover was burned three times, and the arch beam of the kiln tail smoke chamber collapsed.

Magnesia Refractory Castable for Rotary Kiln

3. Analysis of the reasons for castable shedding

The change of fuel, especially after the use of anthracite, the coal ash content suddenly settled in a large amount, resulting in the slope of the kiln tail smoke chamber and the frequent shrinkage of the calciner. It needs to be cleaned manually with iron tools, which will inevitably cause mechanical damage to the refractory material. At the same time, the saturation ratio of the raw material entering the kiln fluctuates greatly, and chemical erosion and the infiltration of liquid alkali salts deteriorate the structure of the castable. Reduce thermal fatigue resistance, thermal shock stability, alkali corrosion resistance, and resistance to changes in oxidation and reducing atmospheres. Especially when used in kilns that start and stop frequently, the service life will be greatly shortened. Coupled with clinker dust erosion, erosion, and kiln temperature expansion due to cold and heat, many castables such as the kiln hood, tertiary air duct, and grate cooler have fallen off and failed.

Traditional cement refractory castables can obtain sufficient room temperature strength due to the high amount of cement. However, the crystal transformation of cement at medium temperature will significantly reduce the strength, which leads to the reduction of high-temperature strength and erosion resistance of the material.

Rapid cooling and rapid heating aggravate the frequent accidents of refractory materials. A large number of documents point out that the alkali expansion coefficient is large, and huge thermal stress is generated during the heating process. Therefore, when the kiln is baked, the temperature should be raised slowly, so that the expansion of the kiln system can supplement the expansion of the refractory material to play a compensating role. This is the key to how to use good refractory materials. However, it is difficult to accept a long kiln drying time in actual production, and when a problem is found, the high-temperature fan is directly turned on to quickly cool the kiln temperature. In order to grab the output after the overhaul, it is required to raise the temperature quickly, which paves the way for the damage of the refractory material.

4. Solutions to castable shedding

Different grades of refractory castables are selected for different parts of the pre-calciner kiln system. The shrinkage of the calciner is made of anti-skinning refractory castable, and the kiln hood is made of steel fiber high-aluminum refractory castable. The low wall of the grate cooler is easy to wear and tear, so mullite high-strength wear-resistant castable is used. Corundum castables are easy to burst and fall off when used on coal injection pipes, so steel fiber high-aluminum high-strength wear-resistant refractory castables are used instead, and high-aluminum refractory castables are used for quick repairs during emergency repairs.

Since the castables currently used are basically not crusted, it not only reduces the work intensity of the inspectors but also improves the running time of the rotary kiln stop material cleaning and decomposition furnace shrinkage crusting, which greatly enhances production efficiency.

Rongsheng refractory manufacturer, Rongsheng refractory manufacturer, is a refractory manufacturer with rich production and sales experience. In the design and solution of rotary kiln refractory lining materials, we also have many customer cases. Please contact us to design the configuration of refractory materials for the insulation layer of the rotary kiln for free. Our new type of insulation material products are of superior quality and can effectively reduce the temperature of the outer wall of the rotary kiln.

Application of Refractory Mud and Refractory Castable in Coke Oven

Refractory mud is an amorphous refractory material composed of powdery materials and binders for preparing mud. It is mainly used as a binder and coating material for building refractory brick masonry. Most of the refractory mud is mixed with water (or aqueous solution) to make mud. It has the corresponding properties of masonry bricks. According to the recommendations provided by refractory material manufacturers, refractory mud for coke ovens should meet the following requirements.

RS Refractory Mud for Coke Oven

(1) It should have the necessary cohesiveness after construction and during use. To ensure that it is bonded with the masonry or the surrounding structural layer as a whole, so that it should have the effect of resisting external force, gas resistance and slag erosion.

(2) It must have good fluidity and plasticity to facilitate construction.

(3) Have the same chemical composition as the material of the masonry or surrounding structural layers. In order to avoid the first destruction of the refractory mud, and to avoid adverse chemical reactions between different materials.

(4) It has the same thermal expansion as the masonry or surrounding structural layer material. In order not to separate from each other, the mud layer ruptures.

(5) The volume should be stable and have small shrinkage. To ensure the integrity and tightness of the masonry.

(6) Sintering can occur at the service temperature. To increase the mechanical strength of masonry.

(7) It has a certain refractoriness and load softening point.

In actual construction, the corresponding refractory mortar should be selected according to the type of refractory brick to be built and the operating temperature. That is, clay fireclay is used when building clay bricks, and silica brick fireclay is used when building silica bricks. Concentrate powder must be added to the fire clay for all masonry parts that are in contact with metal embedded parts. When laying bricks on the top surface of coke ovens, hydraulic binders—Portland cement and quartz sand—that can increase the strength should be added to the clay mortar.

Silica fire clay is a powder made of silica, waste silica bricks and refractory clay (raw clay). Silica is the main component of silicon clay. The higher the SiO2 content in the silica, the higher the refractoriness of the fire clay. Adding waste silica bricks can improve the high-temperature bonding performance of fireclay and silica bricks. The reason is that silica brick powder has a thermal expansion curve similar to that of silica bricks. When the volume of quartz crystal transformation changes, the possibility of fire mud detaching from silica bricks is small, and the ability to adhere to silica bricks is good. Generally, the content of silica brick powder is 20%~30%, which is more suitable. Adding raw clay to silicon fire cement can increase plasticity, reduce air permeability and water loss rate. However, the amount added should not be too large, otherwise the refractoriness of the silica clay will be reduced and the shrinkage rate will be increased. Generally, it is advisable not to exceed 15%~20%.

RS High-Quality Refractory Mortar

The requirements for particle size are: no more than 3% of those above 1mm, no less than 50% of those less than 0.074mm. The particle composition of silicon fire clay affects the performance of fire clay. If the particles are too large, the mud will lose water quickly, the bricklaying operation will be difficult, and precipitation and segregation will easily occur in the ash tank. If the particles are too small, the mud is easy to ferment, and the compactness of the mortar joints becomes poor. Generally, after the easy-to-use mortar is hit on the bricks, the bricks can be kneaded and beaten for about 15-20 seconds. This time is related to the particle composition. Therefore, the use performance of silicon cement can be expressed by this time.

Clay fireclay is made by adding refractory clay (raw clay) to clinker or pulverized clay bricks from the calcination process. Clinker is the main component of clay fire mud, accounting for about 75% to 80%. Raw clay is a binder, adding raw clay can increase plasticity, reduce air permeability and water loss rate, but increase shrinkage. Too much raw clay is prone to cracks, so the ingredients account for about 20% to 25%.

The use temperature of clay fire clay is generally lower than 1000 ℃. Clay mortar for coke ovens is generally fine-grained and medium-grained, and the percentage of particles passing through 0.5mm and 1mm sieves should be greater than 97%. In addition to being used for masonry clay bricks, clay fire mortar is also used for repairing coke ovens.

Refractory Castable withstand High-temperature

Refractory castable is a special concrete that can withstand high temperature for a long time. It is a mixture of refractory aggregates, cementitious materials (sometimes with mineral admixtures or organic admixtures) and water prepared in a certain proportion. A refractory product with a certain strength obtained by pounding or vibrating, hardening, curing, and drying.

Bauxite, waste refractory bricks, blast furnace slag, etc. are usually used as aggregates, and bauxite cement, Portland cement, phosphoric acid and water glass are used as cementitious materials. According to the different aggregate materials and cementitious materials, refractory castables are divided into many types. Its composition is different, its properties are different, and its scope of use is also different. Compared with refractory bricks, this refractory product has the following advantages:

(1) Rapidly develops strength at room temperature and does not decrease at operating temperature.

(2) It does not need to be fired before use, which reduces the complicated process of making refractory bricks. The preparation process is simple, and it can be cast into various shapes on the spot, which can reduce the joints of masonry bricks, simplify the structure, and simplify the brick shape. Thereby revolutionizing masonry operations and speeding up construction.

Refractory castables have been used in coke ovens for many years. They are mainly used as riser pipes, furnace door lining bricks, and furnace top rail sleeper bricks instead of clay bricks. They are also used as coke oven roof paving. According to different parts of use, its ingredients are also different.

Although the trial time of refractory castables on coke ovens is not long, it has shown some advantages. However, there are also some shortcomings, such as the softening temperature under load is not high enough, and there are delamination and peeling phenomena during use.

The Interplay of Thermal Conductivity and Refractory Density in Heat Transfer

Heat transfer is a fundamental process that plays a critical role in many industrial and engineering applications. In such processes, the rate of heat transfer is strongly influenced by the thermal conductivity and refractory density of the materials involved. The interplay between these two factors can have a significant impact on the overall efficiency and effectiveness of heat transfer systems. Rongsheng Alumina Refractory Materials Manufacturer, in this essay, will explore the relationship between thermal conductivity and refractory density in heat transfer, and the important role they play in determining the efficiency of heat transfer.

RS Alumina Refractory Bricks

Thermal conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct heat through its mass. The higher the thermal conductivity of a material, the more effectively it can transfer heat from one location to another. This property is crucial in applications such as power generation, refrigeration, and heat exchangers, where the goal is to transfer heat from a high-temperature location to a lower-temperature location. In these applications, materials with high thermal conductivity, such as metals, are often used because they can transfer heat rapidly and efficiently.

However, thermal conductivity is not the only factor that affects heat transfer. The density of the material also plays a crucial role. Refractory materials, for example, are characterized by their ability to withstand high temperatures and are often used in applications where high temperatures are present, such as furnaces, kilns, and other high-temperature processing equipment. The density of the refractory material is important because it affects how much heat it can absorb before reaching its melting point.

The interplay between thermal conductivity and refractory density in heat transfer is a complex one. At first glance, it may seem that materials with high thermal conductivity and low density are ideal for heat transfer applications. However, in many cases, high-density materials are preferred because they can absorb more heat before reaching their melting point, thus allowing for longer operation times at high temperatures.

Another factor to consider is the thickness of the material. Thicker materials can absorb more heat than thinner materials, but they also have a higher thermal resistance, which can reduce the overall efficiency of the heat transfer process. In some cases, it may be more efficient to use thinner materials with higher thermal conductivity, rather than thicker materials with lower thermal conductivity.

In addition to thermal conductivity and refractory density, other factors that can affect heat transfer include the shape and size of the materials, the presence of impurities or defects, and the specific application in which the materials are used. For example, in some applications, it may be necessary to use materials with high thermal conductivity but low density, such as in aerospace applications where weight is a critical factor.

In conclusion, the interplay between thermal conductivity and refractory density is a crucial factor in heat transfer. The properties of the materials used in a heat transfer system can greatly affect its efficiency and effectiveness. Engineers and scientists must carefully consider these factors when designing heat transfer systems and selecting materials for specific applications. By understanding the relationship between thermal conductivity and refractory density, they can optimize heat transfer processes to achieve the desired results while minimizing energy consumption and operating costs. In order to reduce the temperature of the outer wall of the kiln and save production energy and costs.

The Advantages of Using Plastic Refractory for Boilers

Plastic refractory is a type of refractory material made from plastic and ceramic fibers that is becoming increasingly popular for use in boilers. When it comes to boilers, it's important to use the right materials in order to ensure efficient operation and longevity. In this essay, we will examine the advantages of using plastic refractory for boilers, including improved efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and increased lifespan.

Plastic Refractory for Boilers

One of the major benefits of using plastic refractory for boilers is improved efficiency. This is due to several factors, including lower heat conductivity, better insulation properties, increased heat resistance, and improved heat distribution. These factors work together to ensure that the boiler operates at maximum efficiency, reducing energy costs and improving overall performance. For example, the lower heat conductivity of plastic refractory means that less heat is lost through the walls of the boiler, making it more efficient overall.

RS plastic refractory Manufacturer

Another advantage of using plastic refractory for boilers is reduced maintenance costs. Plastic refractory is easy to install and provides improved durability compared to traditional refractory materials. This means that there is a lower risk of damage, cracking, or other issues that would require replacement. Additionally, the reduced downtime for maintenance means that there is less impact on the overall operation of the boiler. In terms of cost, this reduced downtime and lower risk of damage can lead to significant savings over time. 

A third advantage of using plastic refractory for boilers is increased lifespan. Plastic refractory is more resistant to corrosion and can withstand higher temperatures compared to traditional materials. This means that it is less likely to suffer from damage or cracking, and has a longer overall lifespan. By choosing plastic refractory for boilers, it is possible to improve the longevity and overall performance of the system. In addition, this increased lifespan can lead to reduced costs for replacement and maintenance over the long term. 

High-quality plastic refractory for boiler

In conclusion, plastic refractory (https://monolithicrefractoriesonline.com/plastic-refractory/) provides several key advantages for boilers, including improved efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and increased lifespan. It is important to consider these advantages when selecting refractory materials for boilers, in order to ensure efficient operation and longevity. By choosing plastic refractory, it is possible to improve the overall performance of the boiler and reduce the need for maintenance and replacement over time. Whether you are looking to improve efficiency, reduce costs, or increase lifespan, plastic refractory is a great option to consider.

High-quality plastic refractory for boiler from monolithic refractory materials manufacturers. The product quality is guaranteed, and the cost is saved, which meets the requirements of environmental protection.

 

Which Furnace Linings Will Alumina Bubble Bricks be Used for?

Alumina hollow ball bricks belong to the category of lightweight bricks, and the proportion of use is not very wide at present. Alumina Bubble Brick is an insulating refractory product made of alumina hollow ball as the main raw material. It is mainly used as the lining of high-temperature industrial kilns below 1800℃ and the thermal insulation layer of high-temperature thermal equipment.

Energy-Saving Thermal Insulation Alumina Bubble Bricks

Which Furnace Linings Will Alumina Bubble Bricks be Used for?

The manufacturing method of alumina hollow ball brick. First, the alumina raw material is put into a pouring electric furnace and melted into a liquid state. The furnace is then poured at an angle so that the solution flows out of the pouring trough at a certain rate. Then use a flat nozzle to blow the liquid flow with a high-speed air flow with a pressure of 0.6~0.8MPa to form an alumina hollow sphere. Alumina hollow spheres, sintered alumina fine powder, and binder are batched, shaped, dried, and fired in a certain proportion to obtain alumina hollow sphere bricks.

The aluminum content of the Alumina Bubble Brick is not less than 98%, the content of SiO2 is not more than 0.5%, and the content of Fe2O3 is not more than 0.2%. The bulk density is 1.3~1.4g/cm3, and the apparent porosity is 60~70%. The compressive strength is not less than 9.8MPa, the softening temperature under load (0.2MPa) is not less than 1700℃, and the thermal conductivity is 0.7~0.8W/(m.k).

Which Furnace Linings Will Alumina Bubble Bricks be Used for?

Which furnace linings will Alumina Bubble Bricks be used for? Now the proportion of refractory materials using heavy refractory bricks will be larger. However, in order to optimize the structure of some furnace types, it is necessary to reduce the weight of the furnace body. The bulk density of high temperature-resistant heavy refractory bricks is above 2.6g/cm, and the bulk density of alumina hollow ball bricks is only 1.1~1.5g/cm. Under the condition of the same cubic meter volume, the use of hollow ball bricks can reduce the weight of the kiln body by 1-2 tons.

From the perspective of cost, the price of heavy bricks and hollow ball bricks is similar, and the price of Alumina Bubble Bricks for special areas may be slightly higher than that of heavy bricks. However, in terms of weight, the use of hollow ball bricks can reduce 1-2 tons per cubic meter. Moreover, there is no need to make an insulating layer, which reduces the amount of use and saves fuel. Not only the use effect is good, but the cost is also reduced a lot.

Due to the good thermal insulation performance of the alumina hollow ball, the heat dissipation is reduced, the thermal efficiency is improved, and the energy-saving effect is up to 30%. Therefore, the high-temperature zone lined with some high-temperature kilns or the lining of shuttle kilns is all made of hollow ball bricks, which have a significant effect on lightweight use.

Alumina Bubble Bricks have high aluminum content, low iron content, and low bulk density. They are used as working layers in high-temperature areas of shuttle kilns and tunnel kilns, and can also be used as insulation layers in high-temperature areas. Which furnace linings will Alumina Bubble Bricks be used for? Alumina Bubble Bricks can be used for high-temperature energy saving (>30%) down-flame kiln, shuttle kiln, molybdenum wire furnace, tungsten rod furnace, induction furnace, nitriding furnace, etc. By reducing the weight of the furnace body, transforming the structure, saving materials, and saving energy, obvious effects will be achieved.

What is about the Working Environment for Silicon Carbide Refractory Castables?

Silicon carbide castable is a composite refractory castable, and a certain proportion of silicon carbide, alumina powder, corundum, or high-content bauxite raw materials are added to the internal matrix. The binder is composed of pure calcium aluminate cement and some other chemical components. What atmosphere and temperature are silicon carbide refractory castables suitable for? What is the suitable working lining environment for silicon carbide refractory castables? Rongsheng Refractory Materials for Sale will provide you with the most suitable silicon carbide castable products according to the specific working environment of your refractory lining.

What is the Working Environment for Silicon Carbide Refractory Castables

Silicon carbide castables are suitable for use in furnace linings in a reducing atmosphere, and the effect is better when used at temperatures above 1500 °C. The service temperature of silicon carbide in the reducing atmosphere can reach as high as 2454 ℃.

If used in an oxidizing atmosphere, an oxidation reaction is likely to occur. If used in an oxidizing atmosphere, silicon carbide cannot produce a protective film on the surface. If the oxidation pressure is high, the surface layer will crack or peel due to temperature change and mechanical shock. If the oxygen partial pressure is low, the protective layer cannot be formed, but it will diffuse in the pores, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the silicon carbide castable.

Silicon carbide refractory castable is suitable for working lining environment. Castable manufacturers add a certain proportion of binder to the composite process ratio to adjust the oxidation reaction. Generally, metal silicon is used to adjust to inhibit the oxidation reaction. Sodium salt solution or sol can also be used to penetrate into the open pores of the material, which can inhibit oxidation and improve the service life.

Therefore, silicon carbide refractory castable is suitable for working lining environment. Silicon carbide castables are not suitable for use at low temperatures, especially in oxidizing atmospheres. Used in a reducing atmosphere, the higher the temperature, the better the use effect.

Silicon carbide castables are mostly used in boiler linings or linings for iron trenches in front of blast furnaces, and high wear-resistant castables are used in boiler linings. Silicon carbide refractory castable is suitable for working lining environment. It is also useful in the blanking part of the rotary kiln. The effect is also very good. The anti-skin castable is used in this part.

Because of the high temperature and harsh use conditions, the wear resistance of silicon carbide castables is particularly good. As long as it is used in the right place, the service life will be increased by more than 50% compared with the service life of ordinary low-cement castables.

 

Low Cement Wear-Resistant Castable

What are low cement sic castables?

Low-cement SiC refractory castables are characterized by low linear expansion coefficient, high thermal conductivity, high strength, and good wear resistance. It is widely used in thermal equipment such as power generation boilers, non-ferrous metallurgical furnaces, and incinerators, and the use effect is good.

What is low cement sic castable? Low-cement sic castables refer to refractory castables with sic greater than 97% silicon carbide as refractory aggregate and powder. Add sio2 ultrafine powder and metal silicon antioxidant. Use ca-70 cement as a binder and add a polyphosphate water reducer.

The main physical and chemical properties of low cement sic refractory castables are that the sic is 85%. 110 ℃ drying bulk density. The compressive and flexural strengths are 25g/cm, 45Mpa, and 9Mpa respectively. The line change, heat resistance, and flexural strength after burning at 1100℃ are -0.2%, 107Mpa, and 24Mpa, respectively. The line changes after burning at 1450℃, and the pressure resistance and bending strength are +0.3%, 130Mpa, and 54Mpa respectively. The thermal conductivity at 400°C is 12.2W (M.K).

As a refractory castable manufacturer with an advanced amorphous refractory production line, Rongsheng Refractory Manufacturer can provide high-quality silicon carbide low-cement wear-resistant castables and anti-skin castables for boiler linings, rotary kiln linings. Know what is the suitable working lining environment for silicon carbide refractory castables? To buy silicon carbide low cement castables, please search and find our website: http://www.aluminabricks.com/. And leave your requirements for refractory materials on our website page. We will get in touch with you as soon as possible.

How to Construct Refractory Plastics to Achieve Zero Expansion

The fire-resistant plastic can be constructed conveniently and quickly, and the state of use is stable. If you want the plastic to achieve zero expansion, you need to adopt a zero-expansion design to offset the expansion and contraction of the plastic at high temperatures.

The plastic has a certain degree of plasticity when the temperature is high, and the zero expansion of the plastic is that it can withstand the drastic changes of the furnace temperature and resist frequent shutdown and heating. The mold can be dismantled immediately after plastic construction. If it is maintenance, no oven is needed, and it can be put into use directly as the furnace temperature rises.

The Construction of Plastic Refractory

However, during construction, attention should be paid to drawing-form construction to ensure that the deformation of the steel structure and the lining furnace are synchronized. In addition, the anchoring brick must be evenly stressed, so as to avoid breakage and roof collapse during use.

The zero-expansion design is to support the mold first during construction to ensure that the construction site is clean. Then lay refractory plastic blanks on the rammed part. Only a single layer of material can be laid each time with the hammerhead down, moving and overlapping back and forth to make the plastic smooth and compact. If the anchor brick is constructed, the refractory plastic ramming surface must be 16-20mm higher than the bottom surface of the anchor brick. Put a wooden mold on the anchor brick, straighten it and hammer out tooth marks. The plastic around the anchor bricks should be rammed and compacted.

Refractory plastic construction should be laid out and rammed layer by layer, and each layer should be shaved and kept at the same height as the construction surface. In case of intermittent plastic ramming, use a plastic sheet to cover the rammed surface. If it is snowing, shave the material surface. When the construction is interrupted for a long time, the joint should be left between the two rows of anchor bricks.

If the plastic is used on the top of the furnace, the force direction of the hammerhead should be level when ramming. The seam of the material surface and the working surface of the furnace top should be vertical, and the peeling layer must not overlap with the seam of the material surface during the production process. The plastic material should be rammed from the seam of the blank on the top of the furnace. When the construction is intermittent, cut the material vertical furnace shell into right angles and cover it with a plastic sheet to prevent water loss. Before using anchoring bricks or hanging bricks, the wooden mold bricks with the same tooth shape should be used to tighten and drive into plastics to form a tooth mark, and then the anchor bricks are embedded and fixed tightly.

Dismantle the mold as soon as possible after the plastic construction to disperse the water. When trimming, lightly beat the plastic around the end face of the anchor brick with a wooden hammer or a ramming hammer to make it tightly bite. Trimming includes shaving, piercing vents, or cutting expansion joints.

During construction, the refractory plastic can not be in contact with water. When constructing the castable in contact with the plastic, it is also necessary to make the plastic waterproof. The mold should be dismantled as soon as possible before drying to make the masonry dry naturally.

Due to the "zero expansion" design of refractory plastics, the masonry is filled with refractory fibers at the cracks and expansions after drying and baking to prevent the lining from venting and smoking at low temperatures. The cracks and expansion joints will close at about 1350℃.

More details by email.